patterns: Implement Windows thumbcache pattern (#359)

* Implement Windows thumbcache pattern

* Include thumbcache pattern in README.md

* Update thumbcache.hexpat

- Use English warning text
- handle unknown file version
- add thanks to joachimmetz
- create virtual file
- use more elegant magic type

* Update thumbcache.hexpat

- Use padding data type for paddings

* Update thumbcache.hexpat

- make pattern more robust against single erroneous cache record

patterns/thumbcache.hexpat

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+#pragma author MrMcX
+#pragma description Windows thumbcache files
+/*
+Thanks to Joachim Metz for his work that helped improve the pattern:
+https://github.com/libyal/libwtcdb/blob/main/documentation/Windows%20Explorer%20Thumbnail%20Cache%20database%20format.asciidoc
+*/
+
+#pragma magic [0x43 0x4D 0x4D 0x4D] @ 0x00
+
+#pragma endian little
+import std.mem;
+import type.magic;
+import hex.core;
+import std.string;
+
+enum WinVer : u32 {
+    WIN_VISTA = 20,
+    WIN_7     = 21,
+    WIN_8     = 30,
+    WIN_8_1   = 31,
+    WIN_10    = 32
+};
+
+enum Win7Vista_Type : u32 {
+    THUMBCACHE_32_DB             = 0x0,
+    THUMBCACHE_96_DB             = 0x1,
+    THUMBCACHE_256_DB            = 0x2,
+    THUMBCACHE_1024_DB           = 0x3,
+    THUMBCACHE_SR_DB             = 0x4    
+};
+
+enum Win8_Type: u32 {
+    THUMBCACHE_16_DB             = 0x0,
+    THUMBCACHE_32_DB             = 0x1,
+    THUMBCACHE_48_DB             = 0x2,
+    THUMBCACHE_96_DB             = 0x3,
+    THUMBCACHE_256_DB            = 0x4,
+    THUMBCACHE_1024_DB           = 0x5,
+    THUMBCACHE_SR_DB             = 0x6,
+    THUMBCACHE_WIDE_DB           = 0x7,
+    THUMBCACHE_EXIF_DB           = 0x8
+};
+
+enum Win81_Type: u32 {
+    THUMBCACHE_16_DB             = 0x0,
+    THUMBCACHE_32_DB             = 0x1,
+    THUMBCACHE_48_DB             = 0x2,
+    THUMBCACHE_96_DB             = 0x3,
+    THUMBCACHE_256_DB            = 0x4,
+    THUMBCACHE_1024_DB           = 0x5,
+    THUMBCACHE_1600_DB           = 0x6,
+    THUMBCACHE_SR_DB             = 0x7,
+    THUMBCACHE_WIDE_DB           = 0x8,
+    THUMBCACHE_EXIF_DB           = 0x9,
+    THUMBCACHE_WIDE_ALTERNATE_DB = 0xA
+};
+
+enum Win10_Type: u32 {
+    THUMBCACHE_16_DB             = 0x0,
+    THUMBCACHE_32_DB             = 0x1,
+    THUMBCACHE_48_DB             = 0x2,
+    THUMBCACHE_96_DB             = 0x3,
+    THUMBCACHE_256_DB            = 0x4,
+    THUMBCACHE_768_DB            = 0x5,
+    THUMBCACHE_1280_DB           = 0x6,
+    THUMBCACHE_1920_DB           = 0x7,
+    THUMBCACHE_2560_DB           = 0x8,
+    THUMBCACHE_WIDE_DB           = 0x9,
+    THUMBCACHE_SR_DB             = 0xA,
+    THUMBCACHE_EXIF_DB           = 0xB,
+    THUMBCACHE_WIDE_ALTERNATE_DB = 0xC,
+    THUMBCACHE_CUSTOM_STREAM_DB  = 0xD,
+};
+
+struct ThumbCacheHeader {
+    type::Magic<"CMMM"> signature;
+    WinVer version;
+    if(version == WinVer::WIN_10) {
+        Win10_Type type;
+    } else if(version == WinVer::WIN_8_1) {
+        Win81_Type type;
+    } else if(version == WinVer::WIN_8) {
+        Win8_Type type;
+    } else if(version <= WinVer::WIN_7) {
+        Win7Vista_Type type;
+    } else {
+        u32 type;
+        std::print("Unknown cache type: {}", type);
+    }
+
+    if(version >= WinVer::WIN_8) {
+        u32;
+    }
+    u32 header_size;
+    u32 offset_to_first_empty;
+    if(version <= WinVer::WIN_7) {
+        u32 count;
+    }
+};
+
+struct CacheRecord {
+    char signature[4];
+    if (signature != "CMMM") {
+        std::warning(std::format("Invalid cache entry at 0x{:08x}, skipping: {} ", $, type::escape_bytes(signature)));
+        padding[while(std::mem::read_string($, 4) != "CMMM")];
+        continue; 
+    }
+    u32 size;
+    u64 entry_hash;
+    
+    if(header.version == WinVer::WIN_VISTA) {
+        char16 extension[4];
+    }
+
+    u32 name_size;
+    u32 padding_size;
+    u32 data_size;
+    
+    if(header.version == WinVer::WIN_10) {
+        u32 width;
+        u32 height;
+    }
+    
+    u32;
+    u64 data_checksum;
+    u64 header_checksum;
+    char16 name[(name_size / 2)];
+    if(padding_size > 0) {
+        padding[padding_size];
+    }
+    if(data_size > 0) {
+        u8 data[data_size];
+        if(data[0] == 0x42 && data[1] == 0x4D) {
+            str suffix = ".bmp";
+        } else if(data[0] == 0xFF && data[1] == 0xD8 && data[2] == 0xFF && data[3] == 0xE0) {
+            str suffix = ".jpg";
+        } else if(data[0] == 0x89 && data[1] == 0x50 && data[2] == 0x4E && data[3] == 0x47) {
+            str suffix = ".png"; 
+        } else {
+            str suffix = "";
+            std::warning("Thumbnail file type unknown, no suffix added");
+        }
+        hex::core::add_virtual_file(std::string::to_string(name) + suffix, data);
+    }
+    padding[while(std::mem::read_unsigned($, 1) == 0x00)];
+};
+
+ThumbCacheHeader header @ 0x00;
+CacheRecord records[while(!std::mem::reached(header.offset_to_first_empty))] @ header.header_size;